CELLS - TISSUES - ORGANS - SYSTEMS - ORGANISMS
A CELL IS THE SMALLES LIVING UNIT.
CELLS PERFORM THE LIFE PROCESSES OF NUTRITION, INTERACTION AND REPRODUCTION.
NUTRITION: CELLS NEED NUTRIENTS TO SURVIVE.
INTERACTION: CELLS INTERACT BY WORKING TOGETHER WITH OTHER CELLS THAT PERFORM THE SAME FUNCTION.
REPRODUCTION: CELLS REPRODUCE BY DIVIDING AGAIN AND AGAIN.
DIFFERENT CELLS CARRY OUT DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS (THEIR SIZE AND SHAPE IS DIFFERENT)
CELLS WORK TOGETHER TO FORM TISSUE.
TISSUE WORKS TOGETHER TO FORM ORGANS.
ORGANS WORK TOGETHER TO FORM SYSTEMS.
SYSTEMS WORK TOGETHER TO FORM AN ORGANISM (A LIVING THING)
LIFE PROCESSES OF LIVING THINGS
NUTRITION
PLANTS ARE PRODUCERS, THEY MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD USING PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
ANIMALS ARE CONSUMERS, THEY FEED ON OTHER LIVING THINGS.
FUNGI AND BACTERIA ARE DECOMPOSERS, THEY FEED ON DEAD PLANTS AND ANIMALS.
INTERACTION
ANIMALS MOVE, COMMUNICATE AND REACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THEM.
PLANTS REACT TO WATER AND LIGHT.
REPRODUCTION
ANIMALS CAN BE OVIPAROUS OR VIVIPAROUS.
PLANTS REPRODUCE BY SEEDS.
FUNGI AND SOME PLANTS REPRODUCE BY SPORES.
RESPIRATION
ANIMALS TAKE OXYGEN. DURING THE DAY, PLANTS PRODUCE OXYGEN THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS. AT NIGHT PLANTS TAKE OXYGEN.
EXCRETION
ANIMALS EXPEL WASTE SUBSTANCES FROM THEIR BODIES: THE REMAINS OF FOOD, CARBON DIOXIDE, SWEAT AND URINE.
GROWTH
PLANTS DO NOT STOP GROWING.
ANIMALS GROW UNTIL THEY ARE MATURE.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
THERE ARE SO MANY LIVING THINGS THAT IT IS IMPOSIBLE TO STUDY THEM TOGETHER, SO WE DIVIDE LIVING THINGS INTO GROUPS OF LIVING THINGS WITH THE SAME CHARACTERISITCS.
THERE ARE SO MANY LIVING THINGS THAT IT IS IMPOSIBLE TO STUDY THEM TOGETHER, SO WE DIVIDE LIVING THINGS INTO GROUPS OF LIVING THINGS WITH THE SAME CHARACTERISITCS.
WE CLASSIFY LIVING THINGS INTO FIVE KINGDOMS
ANIMAL KINGDOM
PLANT KINGDOM
FUNGI KINGDOM
MONERA KINGDOM
PROTIST KINGDOM
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS:
ANIMALS ARE MULTICELLULAR
THEY CANNOT MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD (THEY EAT PLANTS OR OTHER ANIMALS)
THEY CAN MOVE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF ANIMALS:
VERTEBRATES: HAVE A SPINE
INVERTEBRATES: DO NOT HAVE A SPINE
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS:
PLANTS ARE MULTICELLULAR
THEY MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD
THEY CANNOT MOVE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER BUT REACT TO WATER AND LIGHT
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF PLANTS:
FLOWERING PLANTS
NON-FLOWERING PLANTS
CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI:
THEY CANNOT MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD (THEY GET FOOD FROM THE REMAINS OF OTHER LIVING THINGS)
THEY CANNOT MOVE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER.
THEY REPRODUCE FROM SPORES.
THEY RELEASE SPORES INTO THE GROUND AND NEW FUNGI GROW WHEN THERE IS ENOUGH WATER AND IF THE TEMPERATURE IS RIGHT.
TYPES OF FUNGI:
MUSHROOMS: MULTICELLULAR
MUSHROOMS GROW FROM LONG THIN PHILAMENTS CALLED HYPHAE.
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SOME MUSHROOMS ARE EDIBLE BUT OTHERS ARE POISONOUS.
MOULD: MULTICELLULAR.
MOULD IS MADE UP OF MANY HYPHAE
THEY FEED ON DECOMPOSING MATERIAL (DECAYING FOOD).
WE CAN MAKE ANTIBIOTHICS (PENICILIN) FROM MOULDS.
YEATS: UNICELLULAR
THEY ARE MICROSCOPIC FUNGI.
THEY DO NOT HAVE HYPHAE
WE USE YEATS TO MAKE FOODS.
MONERA KINGDOM
THEY ARE UNICELLULAR
THEY CAN LIVE ON LAND, IN WATER, IN THE AIR AND INSIDE LIVING THINGS.
BACTERIA BELONG TO THIS KINGDOM.
SOME BACTERIA ARE BENEFICIAL
BENEFICIAL BACTERIA TURN MILK INTO YOGHURT AND CHEESE
BUT OTHERS ARE HARMFUL AND CAUSE ILLNESSES
WE MUST ALWAYS WASH OUR HANDS CAREFULLY
AND WE MUST DISINFECT WOUNDS
WE CAN TREAT ILLNESSES CAUSED BY BACTERIA WITH ANTIBIOTICS.
PROTIST KINGDOM
MOST PROTIST ARE UNICELLULAR AND LIVE IN WATER, FOR EXAMPLE AMOEBAS.
THEY TAKE FOOD BY ABSORBING IT.
ALGAE ARE PROTIST THAT CAN BE UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR AND MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
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